Instructor Impact on Differences in Teaching Presence Scores in Online Courses

Using three interdependent constructs: social, cognitive, and teaching presence, the Community of Inquiry framework is a theoretical process model online learning. Specifically, presence contains sub-elements—(a) facilitation discourse, (b) direct instruction, (c) instructional design organization—that work together to create collaborative-constructivist learning environment. Data from survey 160 learners in 11 course sections were analyzed using one-way analysis variance (ANOVA) determine whether statistically significant differences existed scores between two courses with identical taught by different instructors. Results showed individual instructors’ for each courses. found sub-element except one course’s organization. Conceptual methodological explanations findings are provided, implications suggestions future research discussed.